Microstructures,mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of sprayed Ca–P coating for micropatterning carbon/carbon substrate surface

Carbon/carbon (C/C) surface micropatterning is a method of modifying the surface into the complete and regular geometry. In this work, we introduce a positive effect on bonding strength between sprayed Ca–P coating and surface micropatterning C/C substrate. Interestingly, C/C substrate coated by Ca–P coating provides textured surface for a new bone ingrowth. The sprayed Ca–P coating is then subjected to microwave-hydrothermal (MH) treatment with the aim of eliminating surface defects and obtaining a uniform purity phase. These objectives were achieved in our previous study by the MH method. The molar ratio of Ca/P in the coatings is nearly close to 1, which is far below that of Ca/P for hydroxyapatite (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂, HA, 1.67). The purpose of this article is to transform the phases in the sprayed Ca–P coating, which owns the better bioactivity and high corrosion resistance. In order to raise the molar ratio of Ca/P, the coatings are treated under high-temperature (around 700 °C). They are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and a fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). The bonding strength (coating/substrate), biological activity and corrosion resistance of the coatings are investigated. The resulting coatings own the different microstructures and phase compositions from the original sprayed Ca–P coating. Especially, results show that the shear strength of the sprayed Ca–P coating deposited on surface micropatterning C/C substrate increases by 61% which is more than that of the coating on non-surface micropatterning C/C substrate. Additionally, high-temperature treated coating presents a good biological activity and an excellent corrosion resistance of current density (1.3078 × 10^-6 A/cm²) and potential (−0.17 V_SCE).     

环保法规对船舶涂料企业的冲击及应对措施的探讨

随着我国环境保护法规《大气污染防治法》的修订和《涂料征收消费税通知》的公布,探讨了其对船舶涂料企业的冲击及其应对措施。     

一种新的风电场复杂下垫面场地校准模型

针对现有方法模型简单、气象因素考虑不足和缺少异常数据检测等问题,提出一种基于相对密度离群因子（relative RDOF）异常检测和支持向量回归（SVR）组合的场地校准模型。首先,通过RDOF与四分位法对测风塔与风电机组距下垫面相同高度风速间的风速比进行异常数据检测,间接实现风速预处理;同时,根据测风塔与风电机组相同高度风切变序列的相关性,动态引入大气稳定度等级,与多种常规自然因素共同作为模型输入。然后,建立SVR场地校准模型修正风速。最后,通过算例验证,并与国际电工委员会（IEC）标准方法进行对比。结果表明,该方法可有效提升场地校准模型的风速修正精度。     

Corrosion of hot-dip-galvanised steel and zinc alloy-coated steel in ammonia and ammonium chloride

There are many potential causes of corrosion in animal buildings. Animals exhale large quantities of moisture into the air creating high relative humidity in the building if the moisture is not properly vented. High humidity increases the potential for condensation. In addition, ammonia may be found in large quantities in animal buildings. Ammonia is released from manure and urine. In addition, ammonium chloride is used as a nitrogen source in fertilisers. In this study, the atmospheric corrosion of hot-dip-galvanised steel and zinc alloy-coated steel such as zinc–aluminium and zinc–aluminium–magnesium has been studied in atmospheres containing different levels of ammonia. Investigations have also been conducted at different levels of ammonium chloride. The results are discussed in view of the mechanisms of corrosion of zinc and zinc alloy-coated steel in ammonia and ammonium chloride-containing environments.     

稀土石膏常压酸化法制备硫酸钙晶须的研究

以含稀土的石膏为原料运用常压酸化法合成硫酸钙晶须,探讨了不同工艺条件对生成的硫酸钙晶须形貌的影响,同时还考察了晶型助长剂的种类和晶型助长剂的含量对硫酸钙晶须生长的影响,利用SEM和XRD分别对硫酸钙晶须的表面形貌、物相特征做了表征分析。实验得到制备硫酸钙晶须的最佳的反应条件：稀土石膏质量浓度为0.22 g/mL、反应时间为25 min、盐酸浓度为2.8 mol/L、反应温度为70 ℃、陈化时间为4 h,在此条件下合成的硫酸钙晶须平均长度为61 μm,平均长径比为30.5;通过对比实验选出了CuCl₂作为促进硫酸钙晶须生长的助长剂,在添加5%（质量分数）的CuCl₂的情况下可使硫酸钙晶须长径比从30.5增至41,长度从61 μm增至81 μm。     

Effect of rotor–tower interaction,tilt angle,and yaw misalignment on the aeroelasticity of a large horizontal axis wind turbine with composite blades

This paper presents a detailed analysis of the rotor–tower interaction and the effects of the rotor's tilt angle and yaw misalignment on a large horizontal axis wind turbine. A high‐fidelity aeroelastic model is employed, coupling computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and structural mechanics (CSM). The wind velocity stratification induced by the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is modeled. On the CSM side, the complex composite structure of each blade is accurately modeled using shell elements. The rotor–tower interaction is analyzed by comparing results of a rotor‐only simulation and a full‐machine simulation, observing a sudden drop in loads, deformations, and power production of each blade, when passing in front of the tower. Subsequently, a tilt angle is introduced on the rotor, and its effect on blade displacements, loads, and performance is studied, representing a novelty with respect to the available literature. The tilt angle leads to a different contribution of gravity to the blade deformations, sensibly affecting the stresses in the composite material. Lastly, a yaw misalignment is introduced with respect to the incoming wind, and the resulting changes in the blade solicitations are analyzed. In particular, a reduction of the blade axial displacement amplitude during each revolution is observed.     

基于特征建模的TDD系统大气波导干扰控制体系研究

大气波导干扰是特定气象条件下发生的时分双工（time-division duplex，TDD）系统内干扰，是TDD移动通信系统大规模组网面临的顽疾。在总结分析大气波导干扰成因和分类等的基础上，对大气波导干扰进行建模和表征，验证了海量干扰源在时域和频域的功率集总特征，并结合大量4G/5G现网实测数据给出了典型条件下内陆波导和海面波导的量化干扰信号传播模型，对于干扰的预测和预防具有重要意义。基于干扰特征，给出了TDD系统预防大气波导干扰的帧结构与组网的4项设计原则，5G现网数据表明干扰控制方案有效，上行干扰下降10 dB以上，相关原则对于6G系统的设计也具有指导意义。     

合金元素对铝合金在泰国曼谷地区初期腐蚀行为的影响

在泰国曼谷地区对5083、6063和7020 3种铝合金进行为期1 a的暴晒实验,采用SEM、电化学实验、XPS和扫描Kelvin探针显微镜(SKPFM)对3种铝合金初期腐蚀形貌及腐蚀机理进行研究。结果表明:6063铝合金中Mg、Si、Fe等合金元素含量较少,腐蚀电位相对较高,约为-0.66 V (vs SCE),腐蚀产物膜较为致密,耐蚀性较好,在泰国曼谷地区的腐蚀速率约为0.7 g/(m^2·a)。7020铝合金含有较多Mg、Zn等合金元素,腐蚀电位约为-0.78 V (vs SCE),腐蚀最为严重,腐蚀速率约为3.26 g/(m^2·a)。3种铝合金均含有Mn、Si、Fe等合金元素,从而形成Fe-Si-Al或Fe-Si(Mn)-Al第二相,第二相表面电位高于基体225~280 mV,在大气环境中第二相作为阴极相,周围的基体Al优先溶解脱落,成为点蚀坑。     

Corrosion behavior of copper in extremely harsh marine atmosphere in Nansha Islands,China

The corrosion behavior of pure copper exposed to the atmosphere of Nansha Islands for 21 months was studied by mass loss method, composition analysis, morphology observation and electrochemical measurements. The results showed that the average corrosion rate of copper exposed for one year was approximately 7.85 μm/a, implying that Nansha Islands was classified as a corrosion category of CX. The structure and properties of the corrosion product layer generated on the front and back sides of the exposed sample differed significantly. The inner corrosion product layer (Cu₂O) on the front side was relatively thick and dense, whereas the outer product layer (Cu₂Cl(OH)₃) was extremely thin. However, the outer product layer on the back side was thicker than the inner layer. Electrochemical measurements indicated that the protection afforded by the corrosion product layer on the front side was improved gradually, while that on the back side was deteriorated.